The balanced edge cover problem

For an undirected graph G∈=∈(V, E), an edge cover is defined as a set of edges that covers all vertices of V. It is known that a minimum edge cover can be found in polynomial time and forms a collection of star graphs. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a balanced edge cover where the degrees of star center vertices are balanced, which can be applied to optimize sensor network structures, for example. To this end, we formulate the problem as a minimization of the summation of strictly monotone increasing convex costs associated with degrees for covered vertices, and show that the optimality can be characterized as the non-existence of certain alternating paths. By using this characterization, we show that the optimal covers are also minimum edge covers, have the lexicographically smallest degree sequence of the covered vertices, and minimize the maximum degree of covered vertices. Based on the characterization we also present an O(|V||E|) time algorithm.