Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the term which has recently been raised instead of androgen-independent or hormone-refractory prostate cancer. CRPC is defined as the status of disease progression despite the serum testosterone level of castration (< 50 ng/mL), which can be caused by various mechanisms including androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and AR-independent pathways. Recent researches have revealed that aberrant activation of AR signaling due to ectopic androgen synthesis, AR amplification, AR overexpression, AR mutation, AR variant, AR cofactor, and AR post-translational modification is a key mechanism of CRPC. In addition, AR-independent pathway can contribute to the emergence of CRPC. Taken together, it has been thought that these various mechanisms heterogeneously make androgen-dependent to castration resistant in a spatiotemporal-specific manner.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2090-2094 |
Number of pages | 5 |
Journal | Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine |
Volume | 72 |
Issue number | 12 |
Publication status | Published - Dec 1 2014 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Medicine(all)