The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study

Chika Kubota; Toshiya Inada; Shih Ku Lin; Ajit Avasthi; Kok Yoon Chee; Andi Jayalangkara Tanra; Shu Yu Yang; Lian Yu Chen; Mian Yoon Chong; Adarsh Tripathi; Roy Abraham Kallivayalil; Sandeep Grover; Seon Cheol Park; Takahiro A. Kato; Yu Tao Xiang; Kang Sim; Margarita M. Maramis; Isa Multazam Noor; Chay Hoon Tan; Norman Sartorius; Naotaka Shinfuku

doi:10.1002/hup.2861

The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study

Chika Kubota, Toshiya Inada, Shih Ku Lin, Ajit Avasthi, Kok Yoon Chee, Andi Jayalangkara Tanra, Shu Yu Yang, Lian Yu Chen, Mian Yoon Chong, Adarsh Tripathi, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil, Sandeep Grover, Seon Cheol Park, Takahiro A. Kato, Yu Tao Xiang, Kang Sim, Margarita M. Maramis, Isa Multazam Noor, Chay Hoon Tan, Norman SartoriusNaotaka Shinfuku

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). Methods: The participants were 1478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items, and the second for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (gait and bradykinesia), F2 (muscle rigidity and tremor), and F3 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia). Conclusion: The results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: acute parkinsonism observed during action (F1), acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F2), and central dopaminergic mechanisms with pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F3).

Original language	English
Journal	Human Psychopharmacology
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2861
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 2022
Externally published	Yes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Neurology
Clinical Neurology
Psychiatry and Mental health
Pharmacology (medical)

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1002/hup.2861

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Kubota, C., Inada, T., Lin, S. K., Avasthi, A., Chee, K. Y., Tanra, A. J., Yang, S. Y., Chen, L. Y., Chong, M. Y., Tripathi, A., Kallivayalil, R. A., Grover, S., Park, S. C., Kato, T. A., Xiang, Y. T., Sim, K., Maramis, M. M., Noor, I. M., Tan, C. H., ... Shinfuku, N. (Accepted/In press). The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. Human Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2861

Kubota, C, Inada, T, Lin, SK, Avasthi, A, Chee, KY, Tanra, AJ, Yang, SY, Chen, LY, Chong, MY, Tripathi, A, Kallivayalil, RA, Grover, S, Park, SC, Kato, TA, Xiang, YT, Sim, K, Maramis, MM, Noor, IM, Tan, CH, Sartorius, N & Shinfuku, N 2022, 'The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study', Human Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2861

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title = "The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study",

abstract = "Introduction: Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). Methods: The participants were 1478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items, and the second for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (gait and bradykinesia), F2 (muscle rigidity and tremor), and F3 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia). Conclusion: The results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: acute parkinsonism observed during action (F1), acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F2), and central dopaminergic mechanisms with pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F3).",

author = "Chika Kubota and Toshiya Inada and Lin, {Shih Ku} and Ajit Avasthi and Chee, {Kok Yoon} and Tanra, {Andi Jayalangkara} and Yang, {Shu Yu} and Chen, {Lian Yu} and Chong, {Mian Yoon} and Adarsh Tripathi and Kallivayalil, {Roy Abraham} and Sandeep Grover and Park, {Seon Cheol} and Kato, {Takahiro A.} and Xiang, {Yu Tao} and Kang Sim and Maramis, {Margarita M.} and Noor, {Isa Multazam} and Tan, {Chay Hoon} and Norman Sartorius and Naotaka Shinfuku",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1002/hup.2861",

language = "English",

journal = "Human Psychopharmacology",

issn = "0885-6222",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia

T2 - Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study

AU - Kubota, Chika

AU - Inada, Toshiya

AU - Lin, Shih Ku

AU - Avasthi, Ajit

AU - Chee, Kok Yoon

AU - Tanra, Andi Jayalangkara

AU - Yang, Shu Yu

AU - Chen, Lian Yu

AU - Chong, Mian Yoon

AU - Tripathi, Adarsh

AU - Kallivayalil, Roy Abraham

AU - Grover, Sandeep

AU - Park, Seon Cheol

AU - Kato, Takahiro A.

AU - Xiang, Yu Tao

AU - Sim, Kang

AU - Maramis, Margarita M.

AU - Noor, Isa Multazam

AU - Tan, Chay Hoon

AU - Sartorius, Norman

AU - Shinfuku, Naotaka

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Introduction: Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). Methods: The participants were 1478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items, and the second for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (gait and bradykinesia), F2 (muscle rigidity and tremor), and F3 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia). Conclusion: The results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: acute parkinsonism observed during action (F1), acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F2), and central dopaminergic mechanisms with pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F3).

AB - Introduction: Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). Methods: The participants were 1478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items, and the second for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (gait and bradykinesia), F2 (muscle rigidity and tremor), and F3 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia). Conclusion: The results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: acute parkinsonism observed during action (F1), acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F2), and central dopaminergic mechanisms with pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F3).

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U2 - 10.1002/hup.2861

DO - 10.1002/hup.2861

M3 - Article

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JO - Human Psychopharmacology

JF - Human Psychopharmacology

SN - 0885-6222

ER -

The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study

Abstract

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