TY - JOUR
T1 - The Late Triassic Extinction at the Norian/Rhaetian boundary
T2 - Biotic evidence and geochemical signature
AU - Rigo, Manuel
AU - Onoue, Tetsuji
AU - Tanner, Lawrence H.
AU - Lucas, Spencer G.
AU - Godfrey, Linda
AU - Katz, Miriam E.
AU - Zaffani, Mariachiara
AU - Grice, Kliti
AU - Cesar, Jaime
AU - Yamashita, Daisuke
AU - Maron, Matteo
AU - Tackett, Lydia S.
AU - Campbell, Hamish
AU - Tateo, Fabio
AU - Concheri, Giuseppe
AU - Agnini, Claudia
AU - Chiari, Marco
AU - Bertinelli, Angela
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the grants CPDA152211/15 to Manuel Rigo by the University of Padova and the PRIN 2017W2MARE by the Italian MIUR ( Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca ) to Manuel Rigo; and by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grants 16KK0104 and 17H02975 to Tetsuji Onoue). Kliti Grice and Jaime Cesar acknowledge the Australian Research Council for Linkage funding ( LP150100341 ). Lydia Tackett would like to acknowledge funding from her NSF CAREER grant 1654088 . Hamish Campbell was supported by GNS Science Zealandia Programme with funding from MBIE ( Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment ; New Zealand Government).
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the grants CPDA152211/15 to Manuel Rigo by the University of Padova and the PRIN 2017W2MARE by the Italian MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit? e della Ricerca) to Manuel Rigo; and by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grants 16KK0104 and 17H02975 to Tetsuji Onoue). Kliti Grice and Jaime Cesar acknowledge the Australian Research Council for Linkage funding (LP150100341). Lydia Tackett would like to acknowledge funding from her NSF CAREER grant 1654088. Hamish Campbell was supported by GNS Science Zealandia Programme with funding from MBIE (Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment; New Zealand Government).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/5
Y1 - 2020/5
N2 - The latest Triassic was an interval of prolonged biotic extinction culminating in the end-Triassic Extinction (ETE). The ETE is now associated with a perturbation of the global carbon cycle just before the end of the Triassic that has been attributed to the extensive volcanism of the Circum-Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). However, we attribute the onset of declining latest Triassic diversity to an older perturbation of the carbon cycle (δ13Corg) of global extent at or very close to the Norian/Rhaetian boundary (NRB). The NRB appears to be the culmination of stepwise biotic turnovers that characterize the latest Triassic and includes global extinctions of significant marine and terrestrial fossil groups. These biotic events across the NRB have been largely under-appreciated, yet together with a coeval disturbance of the carbon cycle were pivotal in the history of the Late Triassic. Here, we present new and published δ13Corg data from widespread sections (Italy, Greece, ODP, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada). These sections document a previously unknown perturbation in the carbon cycle of global extent that spanned the NRB. The disturbance extended across the Panthalassa Ocean to both sides of the Pangaean supercontinent and is recorded in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The onset of stepwise Late Triassic extinctions coincides with carbon perturbation (δ13Corg) at the NRB, indicating that a combination of climatic and environmental changes impacted the biota at a global scale. The NRB event may have been triggered either by gas emissions from the eruption of a large igneous province pre-dating the NRB, by a bolide impact of significant size or by some alternative source of greenhouse gas emissions. As yet, it has not been possible to clearly determine which of these trigger scenarios was responsible; the evidence is insufficient to decisively identify the causal mechanism and merits further study.
AB - The latest Triassic was an interval of prolonged biotic extinction culminating in the end-Triassic Extinction (ETE). The ETE is now associated with a perturbation of the global carbon cycle just before the end of the Triassic that has been attributed to the extensive volcanism of the Circum-Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). However, we attribute the onset of declining latest Triassic diversity to an older perturbation of the carbon cycle (δ13Corg) of global extent at or very close to the Norian/Rhaetian boundary (NRB). The NRB appears to be the culmination of stepwise biotic turnovers that characterize the latest Triassic and includes global extinctions of significant marine and terrestrial fossil groups. These biotic events across the NRB have been largely under-appreciated, yet together with a coeval disturbance of the carbon cycle were pivotal in the history of the Late Triassic. Here, we present new and published δ13Corg data from widespread sections (Italy, Greece, ODP, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada). These sections document a previously unknown perturbation in the carbon cycle of global extent that spanned the NRB. The disturbance extended across the Panthalassa Ocean to both sides of the Pangaean supercontinent and is recorded in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The onset of stepwise Late Triassic extinctions coincides with carbon perturbation (δ13Corg) at the NRB, indicating that a combination of climatic and environmental changes impacted the biota at a global scale. The NRB event may have been triggered either by gas emissions from the eruption of a large igneous province pre-dating the NRB, by a bolide impact of significant size or by some alternative source of greenhouse gas emissions. As yet, it has not been possible to clearly determine which of these trigger scenarios was responsible; the evidence is insufficient to decisively identify the causal mechanism and merits further study.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103180
DO - 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103180
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85083571453
SN - 0012-8252
VL - 204
JO - Earth-Science Reviews
JF - Earth-Science Reviews
M1 - 103180
ER -
