Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents

C. J. Smith; R. J. Kramer; G. Myhre; P. M. Forster; B. J. Soden; T. Andrews; O. Boucher; G. Faluvegi; D. Fläschner; Hodnebrog; M. Kasoar; V. Kharin; A. Kirkevåg; J. F. Lamarque; J. Mülmenstädt; D. Olivié; T. Richardson; B. H. Samset; D. Shindell; P. Stier; T. Takemura; A. Voulgarakis; D. Watson-Parris

doi:10.1029/2018GL079826

Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents

C. J. Smith, R. J. Kramer, G. Myhre, P. M. Forster, B. J. Soden, T. Andrews, O. Boucher, G. Faluvegi, D. Fläschner, Hodnebrog, M. Kasoar, V. Kharin, A. Kirkevåg, J. F. Lamarque, J. Mülmenstädt, D. Olivié, T. Richardson, B. H. Samset, D. Shindell, P. StierT. Takemura, A. Voulgarakis, D. Watson-Parris

Center for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

18 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Rapid adjustments are responses to forcing agents that cause a perturbation to the top of atmosphere energy budget but are uncoupled to changes in surface warming. Different mechanisms are responsible for these adjustments for a variety of climate drivers. These remain to be quantified in detail. It is shown that rapid adjustments reduce the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of black carbon by half of the instantaneous forcing, but for CO₂ forcing, rapid adjustments increase ERF. Competing tropospheric adjustments for CO₂ forcing are individually significant but sum to zero, such that the ERF equals the stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing, but this is not true for other forcing agents. Additional experiments of increase in the solar constant and increase in CH₄ are used to show that a key factor of the rapid adjustment for an individual climate driver is changes in temperature in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	12,023-12,031
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	45
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079826
Publication status	Accepted/In press - Jan 1 2018

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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Geophysics
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)

Cite this

Smith, C. J., Kramer, R. J., Myhre, G., Forster, P. M., Soden, B. J., Andrews, T., ... Watson-Parris, D. (Accepted/In press). Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(21), 12,023-12,031. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079826

Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents. / Smith, C. J.; Kramer, R. J.; Myhre, G.; Forster, P. M.; Soden, B. J.; Andrews, T.; Boucher, O.; Faluvegi, G.; Fläschner, D.; Hodnebrog; Kasoar, M.; Kharin, V.; Kirkevåg, A.; Lamarque, J. F.; Mülmenstädt, J.; Olivié, D.; Richardson, T.; Samset, B. H.; Shindell, D.; Stier, P.; Takemura, T.; Voulgarakis, A.; Watson-Parris, D.

In: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, No. 21, 01.01.2018, p. 12,023-12,031.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Smith, CJ, Kramer, RJ, Myhre, G, Forster, PM, Soden, BJ, Andrews, T, Boucher, O, Faluvegi, G, Fläschner, D, Hodnebrog, Kasoar, M, Kharin, V, Kirkevåg, A, Lamarque, JF, Mülmenstädt, J, Olivié, D, Richardson, T, Samset, BH, Shindell, D, Stier, P, Takemura, T, Voulgarakis, A & Watson-Parris, D 2018, 'Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 45, no. 21, pp. 12,023-12,031. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079826

Smith, C. J. ; Kramer, R. J. ; Myhre, G. ; Forster, P. M. ; Soden, B. J. ; Andrews, T. ; Boucher, O. ; Faluvegi, G. ; Fläschner, D. ; Hodnebrog ; Kasoar, M. ; Kharin, V. ; Kirkevåg, A. ; Lamarque, J. F. ; Mülmenstädt, J. ; Olivié, D. ; Richardson, T. ; Samset, B. H. ; Shindell, D. ; Stier, P. ; Takemura, T. ; Voulgarakis, A. ; Watson-Parris, D. / Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents. In: Geophysical Research Letters. 2018 ; Vol. 45, No. 21. pp. 12,023-12,031.

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10.1029/2018GL079826