TY - JOUR
T1 - Altitude Extension of the NCAR-TIEGCM (TIEGCM-X) and Evaluation
AU - Cai, Yihui
AU - Yue, Xinan
AU - Wang, Wenbin
AU - Zhang, Shun Rong
AU - Liu, Huixin
AU - Lin, Dong
AU - Wu, Haonan
AU - Yue, Jia
AU - Bruinsma, Sean L.
AU - Ding, Feng
AU - Ren, Zhipeng
AU - Liu, Libo
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge support from the B‐type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDB41000000), the Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field, CAS (YSBR‐018), the Meridian Project, IGGCAS201904, and the International Partnership Program Of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant 183311KYSB20200003). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The research at MIT was also partially supported by AFOSR MURI Grants FA9559‐16‐1‐0364, NASA LWS programs 80NSSC19K0078 and 80NSSC21K1315, ONR Grant N00014‐17‐1‐2186, and NSF award AGS‐2033787. H. L. acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI (Grants 18H01270 and 17KK0095) and JRP‐LEAD with DFG (JPJSJRP 20181602). Haonan Wu is supported by NASA NNX17AG10G, and NSF Grants AGS‐1705448, OPP‐1705450, and CAREER‐1753214.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Authors.
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - The upper boundary height of the traditional community general circulation model of the ionosphere-thermosphere system is too low to be applied to the topside ionosphere/thermosphere study. In this study, the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR-TIEGCM) was successfully extended upward by four scale heights from 400–600 km to 700–1,200 km depending on solar activity, named TIEGCM-X. The topside ionosphere and thermosphere simulated by TIEGCM-X agree well with the observations derived from a topside sounder and satellite drag data. In addition, the neutral density, temperature, and electron density simulated by TIEGCM-X are morphologically consistent with the NCAR-TIEGCM simulations before extension. The latitude-altitude distribution of the equatorial ionization anomaly derived from TIEGCM-X is more reasonable. During geomagnetic storm events, the thermospheric responses of TIEGCM-X are similar to NCAR-TIEGCM. However, the ionospheric storm effects in TIEGCM-X are stronger than those in NCAR-TIEGCM and are even opposites at some middle and low latitudes due to the presence of more closed magnetic field lines. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program observations prove that the ionospheric storm effect of TIEGCM-X is more reasonable. The well-validated TIEGCM-X has significant potential applications in ionospheric/thermospheric studies, such as the responses to storms, low-latitude dynamics, and data assimilation.
AB - The upper boundary height of the traditional community general circulation model of the ionosphere-thermosphere system is too low to be applied to the topside ionosphere/thermosphere study. In this study, the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR-TIEGCM) was successfully extended upward by four scale heights from 400–600 km to 700–1,200 km depending on solar activity, named TIEGCM-X. The topside ionosphere and thermosphere simulated by TIEGCM-X agree well with the observations derived from a topside sounder and satellite drag data. In addition, the neutral density, temperature, and electron density simulated by TIEGCM-X are morphologically consistent with the NCAR-TIEGCM simulations before extension. The latitude-altitude distribution of the equatorial ionization anomaly derived from TIEGCM-X is more reasonable. During geomagnetic storm events, the thermospheric responses of TIEGCM-X are similar to NCAR-TIEGCM. However, the ionospheric storm effects in TIEGCM-X are stronger than those in NCAR-TIEGCM and are even opposites at some middle and low latitudes due to the presence of more closed magnetic field lines. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program observations prove that the ionospheric storm effect of TIEGCM-X is more reasonable. The well-validated TIEGCM-X has significant potential applications in ionospheric/thermospheric studies, such as the responses to storms, low-latitude dynamics, and data assimilation.
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U2 - 10.1029/2022SW003227
DO - 10.1029/2022SW003227
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85142878675
SN - 1542-7390
VL - 20
JO - Space Weather
JF - Space Weather
IS - 11
M1 - e2022SW003227
ER -