TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between urinary salt excretion and albuminuria in Japanese patients with chronic kidney disease
T2 - the Fukuoka kidney disease registry study
AU - Fukui, Akiko
AU - Nakayama, Masaru
AU - Tanaka, Shigeru
AU - Matsukuma, Yuta
AU - Yoshitomi, Ryota
AU - Nakano, Toshiaki
AU - Tsuruya, Kazuhiko
AU - Kitazono, Takanari
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the participants in the FKR Study, the members of the FKR Study Group listed below, and all personnel in participating institutions involved in the study. The authors also thank Ryan Chastain-Gross, Ph.D., from Edanz Group (https://en-author-services.edanzgroup.com) for editing a draft of this manuscript. Steering Committee and Principal Collaborators of the FKR Study Group : Satoru Fujimi (Fukuoka Renal Clinic), Hideki Hirakata (Fukuoka Renal Clinic), Tadashi Hirano (Hakujyuji Hospital), Tetsuhiko Yoshida (Hamanomachi Hospital), Takashi Deguchi (Hamanomachi Hospital), Hideki Yotsueda (Harasanshin Hospital), Kiichiro Fujisaki (Iizuka Hospital), Keita Takae (Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital), Koji Mitsuiki (Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital), Akinori Nagashima (Japanese Red Cross Karatsu Hospital), Ritsuko Katafuchi (Kano Hospital), Hidetoshi Kanai (Kokura Memorial Hospital), Kenji Harada (Kokura Memorial Hospital), Tohru Mizumasa (Kyushu Central Hospital), Takanari Kitazono (Kyushu University), Toshiaki Nakano (Kyushu University), Toshiharu Ninomiya (Kyushu University), Kumiko Torisu (Kyushu University), Akihiro Tsuchimoto (Kyushu University), Shunsuke Yamada (Kyushu University), Hiroto Hiyamuta (Kyushu University), Shigeru Tanaka (Kyushu University), Dai Matsuo (Munakata Medical Association Hospital), Yusuke Kuroki (National Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center), Hiroshi Nagae (National Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center), Masaru Nakayama (National Kyushu Medical Center), Kazuhiko Tsuruya (Nara Medical University), Masaharu Nagata (Shin-eikai Hospital), Taihei Yanagida (Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital), Shotaro Onaka (Tagawa Municipal Hospital).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Japanese Society of Nephrology.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Background: Several large population-based studies have demonstrated that urinary salt excretion (USALT) is associated with albuminuria. However, this relationship has not been assessed in a large cohort study of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate whether USALT was independently associated with albuminuria in a large cohort of patients with CKD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 4075 patients with CKD not on dialysis. USALT (g/day) was estimated from spot urine. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) according to estimated USALT. Multivariable regression models were used to determine whether USALT was independently related to urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) or the presence of macroalbuminuria. Results: In multivariable linear regression analyses, 1-g/day increment in USALT was significantly associated with log UACR [coefficient 0.098, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.075–0.121]. In addition, compared with the first USALT quartile, the third and fourth quartiles exhibited significant associations with log UACR (Q3: coefficient 0.305, 95% CI 0.154–0.456; Q4: coefficient 0.601, 95% CI 0.447–0.756). Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that USALT (1-g/day increment) was significantly associated with the presence of macroalbuminuria [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.14]; the third and fourth USALT quartiles exhibited significantly greater risks of macroalbuminuria, compared with the first quartile (Q3: OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09–1.62; Q4: OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.54–2.32). Conclusions: This significant association of USALT with UACR and macroalbuminuria suggests that higher USALT may cause increased albuminuria, thereby contributing to kidney disease progression.
AB - Background: Several large population-based studies have demonstrated that urinary salt excretion (USALT) is associated with albuminuria. However, this relationship has not been assessed in a large cohort study of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate whether USALT was independently associated with albuminuria in a large cohort of patients with CKD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 4075 patients with CKD not on dialysis. USALT (g/day) was estimated from spot urine. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) according to estimated USALT. Multivariable regression models were used to determine whether USALT was independently related to urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) or the presence of macroalbuminuria. Results: In multivariable linear regression analyses, 1-g/day increment in USALT was significantly associated with log UACR [coefficient 0.098, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.075–0.121]. In addition, compared with the first USALT quartile, the third and fourth quartiles exhibited significant associations with log UACR (Q3: coefficient 0.305, 95% CI 0.154–0.456; Q4: coefficient 0.601, 95% CI 0.447–0.756). Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that USALT (1-g/day increment) was significantly associated with the presence of macroalbuminuria [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.14]; the third and fourth USALT quartiles exhibited significantly greater risks of macroalbuminuria, compared with the first quartile (Q3: OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09–1.62; Q4: OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.54–2.32). Conclusions: This significant association of USALT with UACR and macroalbuminuria suggests that higher USALT may cause increased albuminuria, thereby contributing to kidney disease progression.
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U2 - 10.1007/s10157-020-01950-4
DO - 10.1007/s10157-020-01950-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 32860538
AN - SCOPUS:85089995145
VL - 25
SP - 9
EP - 18
JO - Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
JF - Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
SN - 1342-1751
IS - 1
ER -