TY - JOUR
T1 - Characteristics of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Produced by Different Amounts of Oxidant
AU - Hastuti, N.
AU - Kanomata, K.
AU - Kitaoka, T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by an Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (T.K.) and by a Research Fellowship for Young Scientists from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (K.K.). N.H. convey a great thanks to the Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia, for providing Unggulan Scholarship. The authors also thank Prof. Dr. Syuntaro Hiradate and Prof. Dr. Yuki Mori for performing XRD analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2019/10/24
Y1 - 2019/10/24
N2 - The use of oil palm waste as a source of raw materials for nanocellulose production is a promising approach for turning agricultural waste into valuable products. This study aimed to characterize cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) produced by 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO. TEMPO-mediated oxidation was carried out at pH 10 by applying different amounts of oxidant: 10, 15 and 20 mmol/g-cellulose at room temperature for 2 h, where the resultant CNFs were denoted as T-10, T-15 and T-20, respectively. Characterization results revealed that the carbon content of each CNF decreased as compared to the starting pulp, from 40% to ca. 37%. Microscopic analysis showed that the aspect ratios of obtained CNFs remained almost unchanged by increasing the amounts of oxidant, which were ca. 40. The crystallinity indices (CrIs) ranged from 34 to 55%. The carboxy contents of CNFs increased by adding higher amounts of oxidant, but the thermal resistance properties were slightly decreased. High-performance nanomaterials such as TEMPO-oxidized CNFs were successfully prepared to show good characteristics, from low-quality biomass waste such as OPEFB.
AB - The use of oil palm waste as a source of raw materials for nanocellulose production is a promising approach for turning agricultural waste into valuable products. This study aimed to characterize cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) produced by 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO. TEMPO-mediated oxidation was carried out at pH 10 by applying different amounts of oxidant: 10, 15 and 20 mmol/g-cellulose at room temperature for 2 h, where the resultant CNFs were denoted as T-10, T-15 and T-20, respectively. Characterization results revealed that the carbon content of each CNF decreased as compared to the starting pulp, from 40% to ca. 37%. Microscopic analysis showed that the aspect ratios of obtained CNFs remained almost unchanged by increasing the amounts of oxidant, which were ca. 40. The crystallinity indices (CrIs) ranged from 34 to 55%. The carboxy contents of CNFs increased by adding higher amounts of oxidant, but the thermal resistance properties were slightly decreased. High-performance nanomaterials such as TEMPO-oxidized CNFs were successfully prepared to show good characteristics, from low-quality biomass waste such as OPEFB.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074668922&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85074668922&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1755-1315/359/1/012008
DO - 10.1088/1755-1315/359/1/012008
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:85074668922
VL - 359
JO - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
JF - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
SN - 1755-1307
IS - 1
M1 - 012008
T2 - International Conference on Forest Product, ICFP 2018
Y2 - 2 November 2018
ER -