TY - JOUR
T1 - Computational fluid dynamics comparison of impaired breathing function in French bulldogs with nostril stenosis and an examination of the efficacy of rhinoplasty
AU - Khoa, Nguyen Dang
AU - Phuong, Nguyen Lu
AU - Tani, Kenji
AU - Inthavong, Kiao
AU - Ito, Kazuhide
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Yamaguchi University for providing high-resolution CT images of the French bulldogs, including the post-surgery case.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Background: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs indicates a particular set of upper airway abnormalities found in brachycephalic dogs (e.g., French bulldogs). Stenotic nares is one of the primary BOAS-related abnormalities restricting the functional breathing of affected dogs. For severe stenosis, rhinoplasty is required to increase the accessibility of the external nostril to air; however, the specific improvement from surgery in terms of respiratory physiology and uptake of inhaled air has not been fully elucidated Method: This study employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to evaluate the effects of different stenotic intensities on airflow patterns in a total of eight French bulldog upper airways. A bulldog with severe stenosis after surgery was included to examine the efficacy of the surgical intervention. Results: The results showed homogeneous airflow distributions in healthy and mild stenosis cases and significantly accelerated airstreams at the constricted positions in moderate and severe stenosis bulldogs. The airflow resistance was over 20-fold greater in severe stenosis cases than the healthy cases. After surgery, a decrease in airflow velocity was observed in the surgical region, and the percentage of reduced airflow resistance was approximately 4%. Conclusions: This study suggests impaired breathing function in brachycephalic dogs with moderate and severe stenosis. The results also serve as a reference for veterinarians in surgical planning and monitoring bulldogs' recuperation after surgery.
AB - Background: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs indicates a particular set of upper airway abnormalities found in brachycephalic dogs (e.g., French bulldogs). Stenotic nares is one of the primary BOAS-related abnormalities restricting the functional breathing of affected dogs. For severe stenosis, rhinoplasty is required to increase the accessibility of the external nostril to air; however, the specific improvement from surgery in terms of respiratory physiology and uptake of inhaled air has not been fully elucidated Method: This study employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to evaluate the effects of different stenotic intensities on airflow patterns in a total of eight French bulldog upper airways. A bulldog with severe stenosis after surgery was included to examine the efficacy of the surgical intervention. Results: The results showed homogeneous airflow distributions in healthy and mild stenosis cases and significantly accelerated airstreams at the constricted positions in moderate and severe stenosis bulldogs. The airflow resistance was over 20-fold greater in severe stenosis cases than the healthy cases. After surgery, a decrease in airflow velocity was observed in the surgical region, and the percentage of reduced airflow resistance was approximately 4%. Conclusions: This study suggests impaired breathing function in brachycephalic dogs with moderate and severe stenosis. The results also serve as a reference for veterinarians in surgical planning and monitoring bulldogs' recuperation after surgery.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104398
DO - 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104398
M3 - Article
C2 - 33905990
AN - SCOPUS:85105283533
VL - 134
JO - Computers in Biology and Medicine
JF - Computers in Biology and Medicine
SN - 0010-4825
M1 - 104398
ER -