Defect chemistry and transport properties of solid electrolytes including the influence of redox-active impurity ions

Defect chemistry and transport properties of solid electrolytes are discussed, including the influence of redox-active ions as well as ionic and electronic charge carriers. The defect chemical relations both in complete equilibrium at elevated temperatures and in partially frozen-in state at lower temperatures are described. Transport properties are described with respect to partial conductivities, defect diffusion coefficients, and the chemical diffusion and surface exchange coefficients of oxygen. In-situ and ex-situ optical absorption and EPR are applied. A case study for single crystalline selectively impurity-doped ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) as a model material is presented.