TY - JOUR
T1 - Directly Induced Glial/Neuronal Cells from Human Peripheral Tissues
T2 - A Novel Translational Research Tool for Neuropsychiatric Disorders
AU - Kato, Takahiro A.
AU - Ohgidani, Masahiro
AU - Sagata, Noriaki
AU - Kanba, Shigenobu
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by Grantin-Aid for Scientific Research on (1) The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (Yugo-No to TAK & Syogaisya-Taisaku-Sogo-Kenkyu-Kaihatsu-Jigyo to SK), (2) The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid 26713039 for Young Scientists (A) to TAK, Grant-in-Aid 26860933 for Young Scientists (B) to MO; 26860932 for Young Scientists (B) to NS), (3) Innovative Areas of The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan ("Glia Assembly" 25117011 to SK; "Will Dynamics" 16H06403 to TAK), (4) Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR) of Kyushu University Hospital (to TAK & SK) (5) Young Principal Investigators' Research Grant of Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University (to TAK), (6) SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation (to TAK & MO, SK).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015/2016 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Traditionally, neuroscience had dominantly focused on neurons, however the majority of cells in the brain are not neurons but glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Historically, the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders has come to be understood within the neuronal doctrine including the understandings of synaptic connections and neuronal networks. Recent human postmortem and imaging studies have indicated dysfunctions of neuron-glia interaction in various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and autism. We briefly introduce recent topics of glia-related pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders based on rodent and human postmortem and imaging studies. On the other hand, the most significant limitation in psychiatric research is that we cannot obtain living brain cells, including glial cells, from living human subjects based on ethical issues. We herein summarize a novel technique to produce directly induced neuronal and glial cells from somatic cells (not from the brain) such as skin fibroblasts and peripheral bloods by utilizing a gene-modification technique and/or chemical applications. Based on the above-technique, we propose a novel translational study combining with a multi-dimensional perspective; brain imaging analysis, psychometric assessments and molecular functional analysis of induced neuronal and glial cells in psychiatric patients.
AB - Traditionally, neuroscience had dominantly focused on neurons, however the majority of cells in the brain are not neurons but glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Historically, the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders has come to be understood within the neuronal doctrine including the understandings of synaptic connections and neuronal networks. Recent human postmortem and imaging studies have indicated dysfunctions of neuron-glia interaction in various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and autism. We briefly introduce recent topics of glia-related pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders based on rodent and human postmortem and imaging studies. On the other hand, the most significant limitation in psychiatric research is that we cannot obtain living brain cells, including glial cells, from living human subjects based on ethical issues. We herein summarize a novel technique to produce directly induced neuronal and glial cells from somatic cells (not from the brain) such as skin fibroblasts and peripheral bloods by utilizing a gene-modification technique and/or chemical applications. Based on the above-technique, we propose a novel translational study combining with a multi-dimensional perspective; brain imaging analysis, psychometric assessments and molecular functional analysis of induced neuronal and glial cells in psychiatric patients.
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U2 - 10.3233/NIB-160109
DO - 10.3233/NIB-160109
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84998694516
SN - 1878-948X
VL - 6
SP - 95
EP - 105
JO - Advances in Neuroimmune Biology
JF - Advances in Neuroimmune Biology
IS - 2
ER -