TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamics of water and ion transport driven by corn canopy in the Yellow River basin
AU - Masaharu, Kitano
AU - Yasutake, Daisuke
AU - Hidaka, Kota
AU - Wajima, Takahiro
AU - Kobayashi, Tetsuo
AU - Wang, Weizhen
AU - He, Wenjun
PY - 2006
Y1 - 2006
N2 - Water and ion balance in a corn field in the semi-arid region of the upper Yellow River basin (Inner Mongolia, China) was analyzed with special reference to transpiration stream and selective nutrient uptake driven by the crop canopy. During the crop development stage (June 7 to July 17, 2005), crop transpiration and soil evaporation were evaluated separately on a daily basis, and concentrations of NO3-, PO3-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- ions in the Yellow River water, irrigation water, ground water, soil of the root zone and xylem sap of the crop were analyzed. The crop transpiration accounted for 83.4% of the evapotranspiration during the crop development stage. All ions except for Na+ were highly concentrated in the xylem sap due to the active and selective uptake of nutrients by roots. In particular, extremely high concentrations of the major essential nutrients were found in the nighttime stem exudate, while these concentrations in the river water, the irrigation water, the ground water and the roo-zone soil were lower. On the other hand, Na+, which is not the essential element for crop growth, was scarcely absorbed by roots and was not highly concentrated in the xylem sap. Consequently, Na+ remained in the ground water and the root-zone soil at higher concentrations. These results indicate that during the growing season, crop transpiration but not soil evaporation induces the most significant driving force for mass flow (capillary rise) transporting the ground water toward the rhizosphere, where the dynamics of ion balance largely depends on the active and selective nutrient uptake by roots.
AB - Water and ion balance in a corn field in the semi-arid region of the upper Yellow River basin (Inner Mongolia, China) was analyzed with special reference to transpiration stream and selective nutrient uptake driven by the crop canopy. During the crop development stage (June 7 to July 17, 2005), crop transpiration and soil evaporation were evaluated separately on a daily basis, and concentrations of NO3-, PO3-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- ions in the Yellow River water, irrigation water, ground water, soil of the root zone and xylem sap of the crop were analyzed. The crop transpiration accounted for 83.4% of the evapotranspiration during the crop development stage. All ions except for Na+ were highly concentrated in the xylem sap due to the active and selective uptake of nutrients by roots. In particular, extremely high concentrations of the major essential nutrients were found in the nighttime stem exudate, while these concentrations in the river water, the irrigation water, the ground water and the roo-zone soil were lower. On the other hand, Na+, which is not the essential element for crop growth, was scarcely absorbed by roots and was not highly concentrated in the xylem sap. Consequently, Na+ remained in the ground water and the root-zone soil at higher concentrations. These results indicate that during the growing season, crop transpiration but not soil evaporation induces the most significant driving force for mass flow (capillary rise) transporting the ground water toward the rhizosphere, where the dynamics of ion balance largely depends on the active and selective nutrient uptake by roots.
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U2 - 10.2478/s11756-006-0172-z
DO - 10.2478/s11756-006-0172-z
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:43749097842
VL - 61
JO - Biologia (Poland)
JF - Biologia (Poland)
SN - 0006-3088
IS - 19
ER -