TY - JOUR
T1 - Experiments on energy‐efficient evaporative cooling systems for poultry farm application in Multan (Pakistan)
AU - Shahzad, Khawar
AU - Sultan, Muhammad
AU - Bilal, Muhammad
AU - Ashraf, Hadeed
AU - Farooq, Muhammad
AU - Miyazaki, Takahiko
AU - Sajjad, Uzair
AU - Ali, Imran
AU - Hussain, Muhammad I.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: All this work is part of the Ph.D. research of Khawar Shahzad (1st Author). This research work has been carried out in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahaud‐ din Zakariya University, Multan‐Pakistan. The Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan‐Pakistan funded this research under the Director Research/ORIC grant titled “Development and perfor‐ mance evaluation of prototypes of direct and indirect evaporative cooling‐based air‐conditioning systems,” awarded to Principal Investigator Muhammad Sultan.
Funding Information:
The Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan‐Pakistan funded this research under the Director Research/ ORIC grant titled “Development and performance evaluation of prototypes of direct and indirect evaporative cooling‐based air‐conditioning systems.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/3/1
Y1 - 2021/3/1
N2 - Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature‐humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor‐based air‐conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low‐cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evapo-rative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko‐Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature‐humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature‐humid-ity‐velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew‐point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.
AB - Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature‐humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor‐based air‐conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low‐cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evapo-rative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko‐Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature‐humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature‐humid-ity‐velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew‐point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.
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U2 - 10.3390/su13052836
DO - 10.3390/su13052836
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85102709840
SN - 2071-1050
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 22
JO - Sustainability
JF - Sustainability
IS - 5
M1 - 2836
ER -
