TY - JOUR
T1 - Heat stress biomarker amino acids and neuropeptide afford thermotolerance in chicks
AU - Chowdhury, Vishwajit S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Japan Poultry Science Association for his paper “Regulation of food intake and body temperature in heat-exposed chicks.” The author expresses sincere appreciation to M. Furuse for his wholehearted support of his study on heat stress. Sincere thanks go to S. Tomonaga, K. Ito, A. Shigemura, M. A. Bahry, P. H. Do, P. V. Phuong, H. Yang, G. Han, H. M. Eltahan, T. Bungo, and all other collaborators who directly contributed to this study. Special thanks go to G. Han for careful reading of the manuscript. The author is also grateful to K. Honda, T. Ohkubo, Y. Ohta, M. Toyomizu, Y. Yoshimura, and many other renowned scientists for their constructive suggestions and encouragements. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [grant numbers JP15K07694 and JP18K19721] and by a grant from the Kieikai 2014, 2015 Research Foundation, Japan to VSC.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Japan Poultry Science Association.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - With global warming, heat stress is becoming a pressing concern worldwide. In chickens, heat stress reduces food intake and growth, and increases body temperature and stress responses. Although it is believed that young chicks do not experience heat stress as they need a higher ambient temperature to survive, our series of studies in young chicks showed that they are sensitive to heat stress. This review summarizes current knowledge on amino acid metabolisms during heat stress, with special emphasis on the hypothermic functions of L-citrulline (L-Cit) and L-leucine (L-Leu), and the functions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in terms of body temperature and heat stress regulation in chicks. Amino acid metabolism is severely affected by heat stress. For example, prolonged heat stress reduces plasma L-Cit in chicks and L-Leu in the brain and liver of embryos. L-Cit and L-Leu supplementation affords thermotolerance in young chicks. NPY expression is increased in the brains of heat-exposed chicks. NPY has a hypothermic action under control thermoneutral temperature and heat stress in chicks. The NPY-sub-receptor Y5 is a partial mediator of the hypothermic action of NPY. Further, NPY stimulates brain dopamine concentrations and acts as an anti-stress agent in heat-exposed fasted, but not fed chicks. In conclusion, young chicks can serve as a model animal for the study of heat stress in chickens. L-Cit, L-Leu, and NPY were identified as biomarkers of heat stress, with the potential to afford thermotolerance in chicks.
AB - With global warming, heat stress is becoming a pressing concern worldwide. In chickens, heat stress reduces food intake and growth, and increases body temperature and stress responses. Although it is believed that young chicks do not experience heat stress as they need a higher ambient temperature to survive, our series of studies in young chicks showed that they are sensitive to heat stress. This review summarizes current knowledge on amino acid metabolisms during heat stress, with special emphasis on the hypothermic functions of L-citrulline (L-Cit) and L-leucine (L-Leu), and the functions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in terms of body temperature and heat stress regulation in chicks. Amino acid metabolism is severely affected by heat stress. For example, prolonged heat stress reduces plasma L-Cit in chicks and L-Leu in the brain and liver of embryos. L-Cit and L-Leu supplementation affords thermotolerance in young chicks. NPY expression is increased in the brains of heat-exposed chicks. NPY has a hypothermic action under control thermoneutral temperature and heat stress in chicks. The NPY-sub-receptor Y5 is a partial mediator of the hypothermic action of NPY. Further, NPY stimulates brain dopamine concentrations and acts as an anti-stress agent in heat-exposed fasted, but not fed chicks. In conclusion, young chicks can serve as a model animal for the study of heat stress in chickens. L-Cit, L-Leu, and NPY were identified as biomarkers of heat stress, with the potential to afford thermotolerance in chicks.
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U2 - 10.2141/jpsa.0180024
DO - 10.2141/jpsa.0180024
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85062099045
VL - 56
SP - 1
EP - 11
JO - Journal of Poultry Science
JF - Journal of Poultry Science
SN - 1346-7395
IS - 1
ER -