TY - JOUR
T1 - High-Pressure Evaporation-Based Nanoporous Black Sn for Enhanced Performance of Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
AU - Ryu, Sangwoo
AU - Shim, Hyung Cheoul
AU - Song, Jun Tae
AU - Kim, Ilhwan
AU - Ryoo, Hyewon
AU - Hyun, Seungmin
AU - Oh, Jihun
N1 - Funding Information:
S.R. and H.C.S. contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the Korea CCS R&D Center (Korea CCS 2020 Project) grant funded by the Korea Government (Ministry of Science and ICT) in 2016 (KCRC-2014M1A8A1049303). This research was also supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. NRF-2017R1A2B4008736) and by the Climate Change Research Hub (CRH) of KAIST (Grant No. EEWS-2017-N11170057). H.C.S., I.K., and S.H. acknowledge the financial support from a grant (NK211B) from Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - Increasing the surface area to improve chemical activity is an unending task from conventional catalysis to recently emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, a simple, vacuum-deposition-based method to form nanoporous structures of metals is reported. By utilizing thermal evaporation at a high pressure, fractal-like nanoporous structures of Sn with porosity exceeding 98% are synthesized. The obtained nanostructure consists of nanoparticle aggregates, and the morphology can be controlled by adjusting the working pressure. The formation of the nanoporous structure is explained by homogeneous nucleation and diffusion-limited aggregation, where nanoparticles produced by the repeated collisions of evaporated atoms adhere to the substrate without diffusion, forming porous aggregates. Due to the easy oxidation of Sn, the constituent nanoparticles are covered with amorphous SnOx and crystalline SnO phases. When the nanoporous Sn/SnOx aggregates are applied to a lithium-ion battery anode through direct deposition on a Cu foil current collector without binders or conducting additives, the nanoporous Sn/SnOx anode shows greatly enhanced cyclability and exceptional rate performance compared to those of a dense Sn thin film anode. The approach investigated in this work is expected to provide a new platform to other fields that require highly porous structures.
AB - Increasing the surface area to improve chemical activity is an unending task from conventional catalysis to recently emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, a simple, vacuum-deposition-based method to form nanoporous structures of metals is reported. By utilizing thermal evaporation at a high pressure, fractal-like nanoporous structures of Sn with porosity exceeding 98% are synthesized. The obtained nanostructure consists of nanoparticle aggregates, and the morphology can be controlled by adjusting the working pressure. The formation of the nanoporous structure is explained by homogeneous nucleation and diffusion-limited aggregation, where nanoparticles produced by the repeated collisions of evaporated atoms adhere to the substrate without diffusion, forming porous aggregates. Due to the easy oxidation of Sn, the constituent nanoparticles are covered with amorphous SnOx and crystalline SnO phases. When the nanoporous Sn/SnOx aggregates are applied to a lithium-ion battery anode through direct deposition on a Cu foil current collector without binders or conducting additives, the nanoporous Sn/SnOx anode shows greatly enhanced cyclability and exceptional rate performance compared to those of a dense Sn thin film anode. The approach investigated in this work is expected to provide a new platform to other fields that require highly porous structures.
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U2 - 10.1002/ppsc.201800331
DO - 10.1002/ppsc.201800331
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85056453607
VL - 36
JO - Particle and Particle Systems Characterization
JF - Particle and Particle Systems Characterization
SN - 0934-0866
IS - 1
M1 - 1800331
ER -