TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunochromatographic assay for the detection of kwakhurin and its application for the identification of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham
AU - Phaisan, Suppalak
AU - Yusakul, Gorawit
AU - Nuntawong, Poomraphie
AU - Sakamoto, Seiichi
AU - Putalun, Waraporn
AU - Morimoto, Satoshi
AU - Tanaka, Hiroyuki
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Dr. Chaiyo Chaichantipyuth, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, for providing an authentic Kwa standard. The authors would also like to thank The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Walailak University, Thailand for the facilities and support.
Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Thailand Research Fund and Office of the Higher Education Commission (grant number MRG6180044). The research in this paper was supported by Grant‐in‐Aid from Development of Safety Evaluation Method of Health Food Containing , Research on Food Safety, the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. Besides, this research was partially supported by the new strategic research (P2P) project, Walailak University, Thailand. P. mirifica
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PY - 2021/7/1
Y1 - 2021/7/1
N2 - Introduction: The plant Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham (PM), known by its common Thai name as white Kwao Krua, is sometimes misidentified because it presents similar botanical characteristics to those of Butea superba (red Kwao Krua). The phytochemicals in PM are phytoestrogens in the class of isoflavonoids, but Butea superba contains flavonoids that exhibit androgenic and antiestrogen effects. Objectives: This research aims to develop a simple analytical method for identification and to differentiate PM from red Kwao Krua and other Pueraria species. Methods: A gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for the detection of kwakhurin (Kwa), a unique compound found in PM. The parameters, including sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and specificity, were validated. All samples were analyzed using ICA and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC-UV). The results of the two methods were compared for consistency checking. Results: The cutoff limit of Kwa detection was 160 ng/mL, which was lower than in the HPLC-UV method. The repeatability and reproducibility of the ICA preparation and assembly showed high precision. The cross-reactivity to related isoflavonoids was less than 0.32%, which implied high specificity of the ICA for Kwa. Moreover, false-positive and false-negative results from other plant extracts were not observed. Conclusion: The developed ICA is applicable for distinguishing PM from red Kwao Krua and other Pueraria species. This simple analytical method can be applied for the identification of raw PM materials in the industrial and agricultural sectors.
AB - Introduction: The plant Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham (PM), known by its common Thai name as white Kwao Krua, is sometimes misidentified because it presents similar botanical characteristics to those of Butea superba (red Kwao Krua). The phytochemicals in PM are phytoestrogens in the class of isoflavonoids, but Butea superba contains flavonoids that exhibit androgenic and antiestrogen effects. Objectives: This research aims to develop a simple analytical method for identification and to differentiate PM from red Kwao Krua and other Pueraria species. Methods: A gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for the detection of kwakhurin (Kwa), a unique compound found in PM. The parameters, including sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and specificity, were validated. All samples were analyzed using ICA and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC-UV). The results of the two methods were compared for consistency checking. Results: The cutoff limit of Kwa detection was 160 ng/mL, which was lower than in the HPLC-UV method. The repeatability and reproducibility of the ICA preparation and assembly showed high precision. The cross-reactivity to related isoflavonoids was less than 0.32%, which implied high specificity of the ICA for Kwa. Moreover, false-positive and false-negative results from other plant extracts were not observed. Conclusion: The developed ICA is applicable for distinguishing PM from red Kwao Krua and other Pueraria species. This simple analytical method can be applied for the identification of raw PM materials in the industrial and agricultural sectors.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092088174&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85092088174&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/pca.2998
DO - 10.1002/pca.2998
M3 - Article
C2 - 33020994
AN - SCOPUS:85092088174
VL - 32
SP - 503
EP - 511
JO - Phytochemical Analysis
JF - Phytochemical Analysis
SN - 0958-0344
IS - 4
ER -