TY - JOUR
T1 - Multi-Instrument Observations of the Atmospheric and Ionospheric Response to the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming over Eastern Asia Region
AU - Chen, Gang
AU - Li, Yaxian
AU - Zhang, Shaodong
AU - Ning, Baiqi
AU - Gong, Wanlin
AU - Yoshikawa, Akimasa
AU - Hozumi, Kornyanat
AU - Tsugawa, Takuya
AU - Wang, Zhihua
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to acknowledge the use of meteor radar, ionosonde, and magnetometer data from the Chinese Meridian Project (http://159.226.22.74/) and WDC for Geophysics, Beijing. The ionosonde data at Chumphon station are from the SouthEast Asia Low-latitude IOnospheric Network (SEALION). The ground-based magnetometer data at Bac Lieu are collected from MAGDAS. The MAGDAS data are obtained from the International Center for Space Weather Science and Education (ICSWSE), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. The Digital Magnetometer data at Tirunelveli and Alibag stations are derived from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism (Edinburgh) and supplied by the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG), India. The ionospheric vertical TEC data are obtained from the GPS Receiver Network in the Madrigal Database at Haystack Observatory. GPS TEC data products and access through the Madrigal distributed data system are provided to the community by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under support from the U.S. National Science Foundation grant AGS-1242204. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) provides the stratospheric data. The geomagnetic indices Kp, Dst, and the solar flux (F10.7) data are collected from the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)/Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) OMNIWeb (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). The solar EUV index comes from the Solar EUV Monitor (SEM) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).
Funding Information:
Manuscript received June 18, 2019; revised August 20, 2019; accepted September 17, 2019. Date of publication October 23, 2019; date of current version January 21, 2020. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41722404. (Gang Chen and Yaxian Li are co-first authors.) (Corresponding author: Gang Chen.) G. Chen, Y. Li, S. Zhang, W. Gong, and Z. Wang are with the Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China (e-mail: g.chen@whu.edu.cn). B. Ning is with the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. A. Yoshikawa is with the International Center for Space Weather Science and Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. K. Hozumi and T. Tsugawa are with the Space Environment Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei 184-8795, Japan. Color versions of one or more of the figures in this article are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2944677
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - We investigate the atmospheric and ionospheric response to the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) by using multiple instruments located in Eastern Asia. Three meteor radars and five ionosondes are used to investigate the mesospheric zonal wind fields and ionospheric parameters of F -layer virtual height ( h 'F), F2-layer peak height ( h-{m}\text{F}-{2} ), and critical frequency ( f-{o}\text{F}-{2} ) at mid- and low-latitudes (10.7°N to 40.3°N). The vertical total electron content (TEC) data derived from the ground-based global positioning system receiver network are analyzed to study the ionospheric perturbations in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region. The changes in equatorial electrojet (EEJ) are observed by using the magnetometer data from stations on and off the magnetic equator. The variations of the h-{m}\text{F}-{2} at Sanya and EEJ strength presented the semidiurnal pattern with increase/decrease and eastward/westward currents in the morning/afternoon hours. In addition, the EIA crest moved poleward/equatorward in the morning/afternoon. The f-{o}\text{F}-{2} showed the most significant enhancements during daytime at Wuhan and Shaoyang but the f-{o}\text{F}-{2} at Sanya and Chumphon reduced mildly. Most importantly, based on the time-period wavelet analysis, the diurnal tidal components in the f-{o}\text{F}-{2} over Beijing, Wuhan, and Sanya seemed similar those in zonal winds and the semidiurnal tides in the low-latitude h-{m}\text{F}-{2} showed the similar temporal variations as those in EEJ strength during the later phase of SSW. Therefore, apart from the local tides propagating from lower atmosphere having influence on the mid- and low-latitude ionosphere directly during the early phase, the equatorial fountain effect modulated by the enhanced tides also disturbed the EIA region.
AB - We investigate the atmospheric and ionospheric response to the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) by using multiple instruments located in Eastern Asia. Three meteor radars and five ionosondes are used to investigate the mesospheric zonal wind fields and ionospheric parameters of F -layer virtual height ( h 'F), F2-layer peak height ( h-{m}\text{F}-{2} ), and critical frequency ( f-{o}\text{F}-{2} ) at mid- and low-latitudes (10.7°N to 40.3°N). The vertical total electron content (TEC) data derived from the ground-based global positioning system receiver network are analyzed to study the ionospheric perturbations in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region. The changes in equatorial electrojet (EEJ) are observed by using the magnetometer data from stations on and off the magnetic equator. The variations of the h-{m}\text{F}-{2} at Sanya and EEJ strength presented the semidiurnal pattern with increase/decrease and eastward/westward currents in the morning/afternoon hours. In addition, the EIA crest moved poleward/equatorward in the morning/afternoon. The f-{o}\text{F}-{2} showed the most significant enhancements during daytime at Wuhan and Shaoyang but the f-{o}\text{F}-{2} at Sanya and Chumphon reduced mildly. Most importantly, based on the time-period wavelet analysis, the diurnal tidal components in the f-{o}\text{F}-{2} over Beijing, Wuhan, and Sanya seemed similar those in zonal winds and the semidiurnal tides in the low-latitude h-{m}\text{F}-{2} showed the similar temporal variations as those in EEJ strength during the later phase of SSW. Therefore, apart from the local tides propagating from lower atmosphere having influence on the mid- and low-latitude ionosphere directly during the early phase, the equatorial fountain effect modulated by the enhanced tides also disturbed the EIA region.
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U2 - 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2944677
DO - 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2944677
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85078748898
VL - 58
SP - 1232
EP - 1243
JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
SN - 0196-2892
IS - 2
M1 - 8880604
ER -