TY - JOUR
T1 - Nanoscale Bubble Dynamics Induced by Damage of Graphene Liquid Cells
AU - Hirokawa, Sota
AU - Teshima, Hideaki
AU - Solís-Fernández, Pablo
AU - Ago, Hiroki
AU - Tomo, Yoko
AU - Li, Qin Yi
AU - Takahashi, Koji
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by the Japan Science and Technology Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) (Grant No. JPMJCR18I1), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) (Grant Nos. JP17H03186 and JP19K23490), and a project commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan. Some of the TEM observations were performed at the Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University. We thank Prof. Masamichi Kohno and Tatsuya Ikuta for fruitful discussions and technical support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2020/5/19
Y1 - 2020/5/19
N2 - Graphene liquid cells provide the highest possible spatial resolution for liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy. Here, in graphene liquid cells (GLCs), we studied the nanoscale dynamics of bubbles induced by controllable damage in graphene. The extent of damage depended on the electron dose rate and the presence of bubbles in the cell. After graphene was damaged, air leaked from the bubbles into the water. We also observed the unexpected directional nucleation of new bubbles, which is beyond the explanation of conventional diffusion theory. We attributed this to the effect of nanoscale confinement. These findings provide new insights into complex fluid phenomena under nanoscale confinement.
AB - Graphene liquid cells provide the highest possible spatial resolution for liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy. Here, in graphene liquid cells (GLCs), we studied the nanoscale dynamics of bubbles induced by controllable damage in graphene. The extent of damage depended on the electron dose rate and the presence of bubbles in the cell. After graphene was damaged, air leaked from the bubbles into the water. We also observed the unexpected directional nucleation of new bubbles, which is beyond the explanation of conventional diffusion theory. We attributed this to the effect of nanoscale confinement. These findings provide new insights into complex fluid phenomena under nanoscale confinement.
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U2 - 10.1021/acsomega.0c01207
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.0c01207
M3 - Article
C2 - 32455241
AN - SCOPUS:85085079978
SN - 2470-1343
VL - 5
SP - 11180
EP - 11185
JO - ACS Omega
JF - ACS Omega
IS - 19
ER -