Overlapping distributions of mammalian types I, II, and III taste cell markers in chicken taste buds

Mammalian taste buds comprise types I, II, and III taste cells, with each type having specific characteristics: glia-like supporting cells (type I), taste receptor cells (type II), and presynaptic cells (type III). In this study, to characterize the peripheral taste-sensing systems in chickens, we analyzed the distributions of the mammalian types I, II, and III taste cell markers in chicken taste buds: glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) for type I; taste receptor type 1 members 1 and 3 (T1R1 and T1R3), taste receptor type 2 member 7 (T2R7), and α-gustducin for type II; and synaptosomal protein 25 (SNAP25) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) for type III. We found that most GLAST⁺ taste cells expressed α-gustducin and SNAP25 and that high percentages of T1R3⁺ or α-gustducin⁺ taste cells expressed SNAP25 and NCAM. These results demonstrated a unique subset of chicken taste cells expressing multiple taste cell type marker proteins. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the taste-sensing mechanisms in vertebrate taste buds.