Prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy by the serum creatinine level on the day following cardiac catheterization

Background The majority of patients who undergo coronary arteriography are discharged from the hospital on the day of the procedure or on the following day. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the change in serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the day following cardiac catheterization can predict the development of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Methods This is a multicenter prospective observational study, which consists of 860 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. We measured SCr and eGFR before cardiac catheterization, on the following day, and 48–72 h post-procedure. Definition of CIN is changes in SCr ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% from baseline 48–72 h after contrast exposure. Results CIN occurred in 40 patients. SCr levels significantly increased from a baseline of 1.55 ± 1.08 mg/dL to 1.79 ± 1.26 mg/dL on the following day in patients with CIN (p < 0.0001), but significantly decreased from a baseline of 1.21 ± 0.65 mg/dL to 1.18 ± 0.61 mg/dL on the following day in those without CIN (p < 0.0001). eGFR significantly decreased from a baseline of 47.3 ± 28.3 mL/min/1.73 m² to 40.6 ± 26.7 mL/min/1.73 m² on the following day in patients with CIN (p < 0.0001), but significantly increased from a baseline of 53.1 ± 22.0 mg/dL to 53.6 ± 21.2 mg/dL on the following day in those without CIN (p = 0.0236). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that SCr change ≥0.1 mg/dL [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.852, sensitivity 72.5%, specificity 86.1%] and eGFR change ≤−1.1 mL/min/1.73 m² (AUC = 0.789, sensitivity 85.0%, specificity 64.9%) were the best cut-off values for predicting CIN. Multivariate logistic regression showed that a change in SCr ≥0.1 mg/dL [odds ratio (OR), 29.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 10.8–96.2] and change in eGFR ≤−1.1 mL/min/1.73 m² (OR, 69.7; 95% CI, 13.3–952) were powerful independent predictors of CIN. Conclusions Changes in SCr and eGFR on the day following cardiac catheterization predict the development of CIN.