@article{4ee3789d8bdf4ccf9321eb8d14d95b65,
title = "Sensible heat has significantly affected the global hydrological cycle over the historical period",
abstract = "Globally, latent heating associated with a change in precipitation is balanced by changes to atmospheric radiative cooling and sensible heat fluxes. Both components can be altered by climate forcing mechanisms and through climate feedbacks, but the impacts of climate forcing and feedbacks on sensible heat fluxes have received much less attention. Here we show, using a range of climate modelling results, that changes in sensible heat are the dominant contributor to the present global-mean precipitation change since preindustrial time, because the radiative impact of forcings and feedbacks approximately compensate. The model results show a dissimilar influence on sensible heat and precipitation from various drivers of climate change. Due to its strong atmospheric absorption, black carbon is found to influence the sensible heat very differently compared to other aerosols and greenhouse gases. Our results indicate that this is likely caused by differences in the impact on the lower tropospheric stability.",
author = "G. Myhre and Samset, {B. H.} and O. Hodnebrog and T. Andrews and O. Boucher and G. Faluvegi and D. Fl{\"a}schner and Forster, {P. M.} and M. Kasoar and V. Kharin and A. Kirkev{\aa}g and Lamarque, {J. F.} and D. Olivi{\'e} and Richardson, {T. B.} and D. Shawki and D. Shindell and Shine, {K. P.} and Stjern, {C. W.} and T. Takemura and A. Voulgarakis",
note = "Funding Information: G.M., B.H.S. and C.W.S were funded by the Research Council of Norway, through the grant NAPEX (229778). Supercomputer facilities were generously provided by NOTUR. {\O}.H. acknowledges funding from the Research Council of Norway through the GREAT (GREenhouse gases, Aerosols and lower atmospheric Turbulence) project (grant no. 275589). D.S. thanks the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center for computational resources. M.K. and A.V. are supported by the Natural Environment Research Council under grant number NE/K500872/1. Simulations with HadGEM3-GA4 were performed using the MONSooN system, a collaborative facility supplied under the Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme, which is a strategic partnership between the Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council. T.T. was supported by the supercomputer system of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-12-3) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP15H01728 and JP15K12190. D.O. and A.K. were supported by the Norwegian Research Council through the projects EVA (grant no. 229771) and EarthClim (207711/E10), and NOTUR (nn2345k) and NorStore (ns2345k) projects. T.B.R. was supported by NERC training award NE/K007483/1, and acknowledges use of the MONSooN system. Computing resources for J.-F.L. (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR{\textquoteright}s Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. Computing resources for the simulations with the MPI-ESM model were provided by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ), Hamburg. Computing resources for O.B. were provided by GENCI at the TGCC under allocation gen2201. T.A. was supported by the Newton Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership Brazil (CSSP Brazil). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme{\textquoteright}s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Supplementary Table 6 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals.",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41467-018-04307-4",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
journal = "Nature Communications",
issn = "2041-1723",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}