@article{a48bbb0ba4974435b1ab2abd3ab67b47,
title = "Stacking fault density and bond orientational order of fcc ruthenium nanoparticles",
abstract = "We investigated crystal structure deviations of catalytic nanoparticles (NPs) using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. The samples were fcc ruthenium (Ru) NPs with diameters of 2.4, 3.5, 3.9, and 5.4 nm. We analyzed average crystal structures by applying the line profile method to a stacking fault model and local crystal structures using bond orientational order (BOO) parameters. The reflection peaks shifted depending on rules that apply to each stacking fault. We evaluated the quantitative stacking faults densities for fcc Ru NPs, and the stacking fault per number of layers was 2-4, which is quite large. Our analysis shows that the fcc Ru 2.4 nm-diameter NPs have a considerably high stacking fault density. The B factor tends to increase with the increasing stacking fault density. A structural parameter that we define from the BOO parameters exhibits a significant difference from the ideal value of the fcc structure. This indicates that the fcc Ru NPs are highly disordered.",
author = "Okkyun Seo and Osami Sakata and Kim, {Jae Myung} and Satoshi Hiroi and Chulho Song and Kumara, {Loku Singgappulige Rosantha} and Koji Ohara and Shun Dekura and Kohei Kusada and Hirokazu Kobayashi and Hiroshi Kitagawa",
note = "Funding Information: This work was partly supported by ACCEL, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) under Grant No. JPMJAC1501. High-energy XRD measurements performed at SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute under Proposal Nos. 2013B1207, 2014A1321, 2014B1210 and 2015B1245. The measurements were partly performed by the NIMS Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8 under Proposal No. 2016B4500. This work was also partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (OS: 15K04616). J.M.K. acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) for a Grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) through SRC (NRF-2015R1A5A1009962). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Author(s).",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1063/1.5006830",
language = "English",
volume = "111",
journal = "Applied Physics Letters",
issn = "0003-6951",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "25",
}